%PDF-1.4 % 1 0 obj << /Type /Pages /Count 1 /Kids [ 2 0 R ] >> endobj 2 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 1 0 R /Resources << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI ] /Font << /QuickPDFF1eb2c57b 70 0 R /QuickPDFFd5ee9242 113 0 R >> >> /Contents [ 5 0 R ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.2756 841.8898 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 595.2756 841.8898 ] >> endobj 3 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 1 0 R /Metadata 114 0 R >> endobj 4 0 obj << /Producer (Debenu Quick PDF Library 11.15 \(www.debenu.com\)) /Creator (Debenu Quick PDF Library 11.15 \(www.debenu.com\)) /CreationDate (D:20210628125430+02'00') /ModDate (D:20210628125430+02'00') >> endobj 5 0 obj << /Length 3151 /LC /iSQP >> stream 0 Tr /QuickPDFFd5ee9242 14 Tf 0 0 0 rg 100 Tz 0 Tw 0 Tc 0 Ts BT 1 0 0 1 70.7188 770.8329 Tm (Study for the Development of a Guidance and Information System Based on)Tj 1 0 0 1 240.2798 752.1709 Tm (Wi-Fi for TU Wien)Tj ET /QuickPDFFd5ee9242 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 183.5238 717.2179 Tm (Alexander Leb and Guenther Retscher \(Austria\))Tj ET /QuickPDFFd5ee9242 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 675.188 Tm 14.663 TL (Key words: )' ET /QuickPDFF1eb2c57b 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 141.7323 675.188 Tm 14.454 TL (Low cost technology; Positioning; Wi-Fi positioning; probabilistic fingerprinting)' (approach; Mahalanobis distance; kinematic system training; continuous training; RSSI)' (scan duration dependence)' ET /QuickPDFFd5ee9242 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 618.4951 Tm 14.663 TL (SUMMARY)' ET /QuickPDFF1eb2c57b 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 590.1487 Tm 14.454 TL (A guidance and information system based on Wi-Fi signals using fingerprinting for localization is currently)' (under development for the whole University campus of TU Wien \(Vienna University of Technology\). In a)' (first step, the availability, performance, and usability of Wi-Fi in selected areas of the University are)' (analyzed. For this purpose, Wi-Fi received signal strengths \(RSS\) of the surrounding access points \(APs\))' (were measured in front of the main building of the University, in the library and in a large multi-storey office)' (building called Freihaus under real conditions. The measurements were carried out in static, kinematic and)' (stop-and-go mode with six different smartphones. In this paper, the kinematic measurements of users)' (walking along predefined trajectories are analyzed. Kinematic measurements, however, pose much greater)' (challenges than the usual static or stop-and-go measurements. The analysis of the system training)' (measurements showed that there are sufficiently stable signals available everywhere on the campus to carry)' (out a position determination using Wi-Fi fingerprinting. A probabilistic fingerprinting approach based on the)' (Mahalanobis distance was then applied. The resulting deviations from the ground truth in the positioning)' (phase were in the range of 1 to 3 m in the Freihaus office building. A significant dependence of the results in)' (the kinematic mode, however, is caused by the duration of a single Wi-Fi scan. The durations were in the)' (range of 2.4 to 4.1 s depending on the used smartphone. This can result in different accuracies for kinematic)' (positioning, as fewer measurements along the trajectories for interpolation are available for a device with)' (longer scan duration.)' ET /QuickPDFF1eb2c57b 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 150.7097 Tm 13.14 TL (__________________________________________________________________________________________)' ()' (Study for the Development of a Guidance and Information System Based on Wi-Fi for TU Wien \(10863\))' (Alexander Leb and Guenther Retscher \(Austria\))' ()' (FIG e-Working Week 2021)' (Smart Surveyors for Land and Water Management - Challenges in a New Reality)' (Virtually in the Netherlands, 2125 June 2021)' ET endstream endobj 6 0 obj << /Length 316 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream xMRKnCAۿSpk`y^Uu[jIɒT%C/:b}Rx\%=
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